Fungal rhinosinusitis

Fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses can range from indolent (fungal ball or allergic fungal rhinosinusitis) to rapidly fatal (acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in patients with immune compromise). Fungi commonly colonise the upper respiratory tract without causing illness. Antifungal therapy is not recommended to treat fungus balls; consider endoscopic surgery to extract the fungus ballRoland, 2023.