Aetiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections

Cardiac implantable electronic device infections are most commonly caused by staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci) and other gram-positive organisms including enterococci. Infection with gram-negative organisms (including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Serratia species) is infrequentHan, 2021.