Candida species identified from respiratory tract samples

Some yeast that were previously considered Candida species have been reclassified and are now considered candida-like and may be reported with a new name (eg Nakaseomyces glabratus, Pichia kudriavzevii)Borman, 2021. For a list of common Candida and related species and (if applicable) revised species names, see Common Candida and related species, and changes to nomenclature.

Pneumonia caused by Candida species is extremely rare. Isolation of Candida species from respiratory tract samples almost always represents colonisation, especially in patients who are intubated – this is not sufficient to diagnose Candida pneumonia.

Note: Isolation of Candida species from respiratory tract samples usually represents colonisation, not infection.

A definitive diagnosis of Candida pneumonia requires histological evidence of invasive Candida infection in lung tissue – seek expert advice for treatment. If the patient has clinical signs of candidaemia, see Candidaemia (including Candida and related species sepsis).