References: Parapneumonic effusion and thoracic empyema

  • Abdul-Aziz MH, Hammond NE, Brett SJ, Cotta MO, De Waele JJ, Devaux A, et al. Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2024;332(8):638-48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38864162/
  • Addala DN, Bedawi EO, Rahman NM. Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema. Clin Chest Med 2021;42(4):637-47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774171
  • Davies HE, Davies RJ, Davies CW, Group BTSPDG. Management of pleural infection in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax 2010;65 Suppl 2:ii41-53. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20696693
  • Dean NC, Griffith PP, Sorensen JS, McCauley L, Jones BE, Lee YC. Pleural Effusions at First ED Encounter Predict Worse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Pneumonia. Chest 2016;149(6):1509-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26836918
  • Dulhunty JM, Brett SJ, De Waele JJ, Rajbhandari D, Billot L, Cotta MO, et al. Continuous vs Intermittent beta-Lactam Antibiotic Infusions in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: The BLING III Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2024;332(8):629-37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38864155/
  • Feris-Iglesias J, Fernandez J, Sanchez J, Pimenta F, Pena C, Coradin H, et al. Aetiology of paediatric pneumonia with effusion in the Dominican Republic and the potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2014;4:8-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29725575
  • Foo CT, Herre J. Ambulatory Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in Highly Viscous Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusion. Case Rep Oncol 2021;14(1):466-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33976621
  • Fysh ETH, Tremblay A, Feller-Kopman D, Mishra EK, Slade M, Garske L, et al. Clinical outcomes of indwelling pleural catheter-related pleural infections: an international multicenter study. Chest 2013;144(5):1597-602. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828305
  • Garin N, Marti C, Skali Lami A, Prendki V. Atypical Pathogens in Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Implications for Empiric Antibiotic Treatment: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2022;10(12). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36557579
  • Golden L, Chaya S, Reichmuth K, Visagie A, Ayuk A, Kwarteng Owusu S, et al. Aetiology and presentation of childhood pleural infections in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in South Africa. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2021;27(4). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35359691
  • Hassan M, Banka R, Castro-Anon O, Mercer RM, Bedawi EO, Asciak R, et al. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusion Undergoing Therapeutic Pleural Interventions (The ASPIRE Study). Arch Bronconeumol 2021;57(10):656-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35699052
  • Hassan M, Cargill T, Harriss E, Asciak R, Mercer RM, Bedawi EO, et al. The microbiology of pleural infection in adults: a systematic review. Eur Respir J 2019;54(3). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31248959
  • Kanellakis NI, Wrightson JM, Gerry S, Ilott N, Corcoran JP, Bedawi EO, et al. The bacteriology of pleural infection (TORPIDS): an exploratory metagenomics analysis through next generation sequencing. Lancet Microbe 2022;3(4):e294-e302. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35544066
  • Krenke K, Sadowy E, Podsiadly E, Hryniewicz W, Demkow U, Kulus M. Etiology of parapneumonic effusion and pleural empyema in children. The role of conventional and molecular microbiological tests. Respir Med 2016;116:28-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27296817
  • Lee YCG, Fitzgerald DB. Pleural Biopsy to Capture Causative Microbe: A New Piece of the Pleural Infection Jigsaw. Chest 2018;154(4):743-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30290924
  • Lui MM, Thomas R, Lee YC. Complications of indwelling pleural catheter use and their management. BMJ Open Respir Res 2016;3(1):e000123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26870384
  • Mandal AK, Thadepalli H, Mandal AK, Chettipalli U. Posttraumatic empyema thoracis: a 24-year experience at a major trauma center. J Trauma 1997;43(5):764-71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9390487
  • McMullan BJ, Andresen D, Blyth CC, Avent ML, Bowen AC, Britton PN, et al. Antibiotic duration and timing of the switch from intravenous to oral route for bacterial infections in children: systematic review and guidelines. Lancet Infect Dis 2016;16(8):e139-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27321363
  • Menzies SM, Rahman NM, Wrightson JM, Davies HE, Shorten R, Gillespie SH, et al. Blood culture bottle culture of pleural fluid in pleural infection. Thorax 2011;66(8):658-62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459855
  • Popowicz N, Bintcliffe O, De Fonseka D, Blyth KG, Smith NA, Piccolo F, et al. Dose De-escalation of Intrapleural Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy for Pleural Infection. The Alteplase Dose Assessment for Pleural Infection Therapy Project. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017;14(6):929-36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28324671
  • Popowicz N, Ip H, Lau EPM, Piccolo F, Dootson K, Yeoh C, et al. Alteplase Dose Assessment for Pleural infection Therapy (ADAPT) Study-2: Use of 2.5 mg alteplase as a starting intrapleural dose. Respirology 2022;27(7):510-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35441458
  • Psallidas I, Kalomenidis I, Porcel JM, Robinson BW, Stathopoulos GT. Malignant pleural effusion: from bench to bedside. Eur Respir Rev 2016;25(140):189-98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27246596
  • Psallidas I, Kanellakis NI, Bhatnagar R, Ravindran R, Yousuf A, Edey AJ, et al. A Pilot Feasibility Study in Establishing the Role of Ultrasound-Guided Pleural Biopsies in Pleural Infection (The AUDIO Study). Chest 2018;154(4):766-72. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524388
  • Rahman NM, Maskell NA, West A, Teoh R, Arnold A, Mackinlay C, et al. Intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection. N Engl J Med 2011;365(6):518-26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21830966
  • Shaw JA, Irusen EM, Diacon AH, Koegelenberg CF. Pleural tuberculosis: A concise clinical review. Clin Respir J 2018;12(5):1779-86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29660258
  • Strachan R, Homaira N, Beggs S, Bhuiyan MU, Gilbert GL, Lambert SB, et al. Assessing the impact of the 13 valent pneumococcal vaccine on childhood empyema in Australia. Thorax 2021;76(5):487-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33504566
  • Tsujimoto N, Saraya T, Light RW, Tsukahara Y, Koide T, Kurai D, et al. A Simple Method for Differentiating Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion/Empyema from Parapneumonic Effusion Using the Split Pleura Sign and the Amount of Pleural Effusion on Thoracic CT. PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0130141. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26076488
  • von Mollendorf C, Berger D, Gwee A, Duke T, Graham SM, Russell FM, et al. Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries in the era of vaccination: a systematic review. J Glob Health 2022;12:10009. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35866332