References: Urinary tract infection and bacteriuria in pregnancy
Andersen JT, Petersen M, Jimenez-Solem E, Broedbaek K, Andersen EW, Andersen NL, et al. Trimethoprim use in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a register-based nationwide cohort study. Epidemiol Infect 2013;141(8):1749-55. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23010291
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR). Australian Gram-negative Surveillance Outcome Program (GnSOP) Bloodstream Infection Annual Report 2023. 2024. https://agargroup.org.au/agar-reports/
Bonkat G, Bartoletti R, Bruyère F, Cai T, Geerlings SE, Köves B, et al. EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections. Arnhem, NL: European Association of Urology; 2024. https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urological-infections
Bowyer L, Robinson HL, Barrett H, Crozier TM, Giles M, Idel I, et al. SOMANZ guidelines for the investigation and management sepsis in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2017;57(5):540-51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28670748
Chean R, Garland SM, Leung L. Gentamicin in pregnancy: seeing past the drug categorisation in pregnancy. Intern Med J 2017;47(1):124-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28076911
Cunha BA, Cunha CB, Lam B, Giuga J, Chin J, Zafonte VF, et al. Nitrofurantoin safety and effectiveness in treating acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) in hospitalized adults with renal insufficiency: antibiotic stewardship implications. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017;36(7):1213-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28155015
Drobac PC, del Castillo H, Sweetland A, Anca G, Joseph JK, Furin J, et al. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis during pregnancy: long-term follow-up of 6 children with intrauterine exposure to second-line agents. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(11):1689-92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15889370
Geerts AF, Eppenga WL, Heerdink R, Derijks HJ, Wensing MJ, Egberts TC, et al. Ineffectiveness and adverse events of nitrofurantoin in women with urinary tract infection and renal impairment in primary care. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69(9):1701-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23660771
Hall J, Adams NH, Bartlett L, Seale AC, Lamagni T, Bianchi-Jassir F, et al. Maternal Disease With Group B Streptococcus and Serotype Distribution Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2017;65(suppl_2):S112-S24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117328
Heil EL, Bork JT, Abbo LM, Barlam TF, Cosgrove SE, Davis A, et al. Optimizing the Management of Uncomplicated Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections: Consensus Guidance Using a Modified Delphi Process. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021;8(10):ofab434. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34738022
Henderson JT, Webber EM, Bean SI. Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2019;322(12):1195-205. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31550037
Kazemier BM, Koningstein FN, Schneeberger C, Ott A, Bossuyt PM, de Miranda E, et al. Maternal and neonatal consequences of treated and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study with an embedded randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2015;15(11):1324-33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26255208/
Lin J, Ding J, Di X, Sun W, Chen H, Zhang H. Association between prenatal antibiotics exposure and measures of fetal growth: A repeated-measure study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022;244:114041. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36063618
Loebstein R, Addis A, Ho E, Andreou R, Sage S, Donnenfeld AE, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to fluoroquinolones: a multicenter prospective controlled study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42(6):1336-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9624471
McAteer J, Lee JH, Cosgrove SE, Dzintars K, Fiawoo S, Heil EL, et al. Defining the Optimal Duration of Therapy for Hospitalized Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections and Associated Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36633559
Miller AC, Arakkal AT, Sewell DK, Segre AM, Tholany J, Polgreen PM, et al. Comparison of Different Antibiotics and the Risk for Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Case-Control Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023;10(8):ofad413. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37622034
Mponponsuo K, Brown KA, Fridman DJ, Johnstone J, Langford BJ, Lee SM, et al. Highly versus less bioavailable oral antibiotics in the treatment of gram-negative bloodstream infections: a propensity-matched cohort analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023;29(4):490-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36216237
Muanda FT, Sheehy O, Berard A. Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion: a nested case control study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018;84(6):1198-205. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29424001
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Pyelonephritis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing [NG111]. London: NICE; October 2018. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng111
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Urinary tract infection (lower): antimicrobial prescribing [NG109]. London: NICE; October 2018. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng109
Philipps W, Fietz AK, Meixner K, Bluhmki T, Meister R, Schaefer C, et al. Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to fosfomycin for the treatment of urinary tract infection: an observational cohort study. Infection 2020;48(1):57-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31302868
Santos JM, Batech M, Pelter MA, Deamer RL. Evaluation of the Risk of Nitrofurantoin Lung Injury and Its Efficacy in Diminished Kidney Function in Older Adults in a Large Integrated Healthcare System: A Matched Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016;64(4):798-805. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27100576
Schafer R, Phillippi JC. Group B Streptococcal Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: An Evidence-Based, Patient-Centered Approach to Care. J Midwifery Womens Health 2020;65(3):376-81. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32096338
Schulz GS, Schutz F, Spielmann FVJ, da Ros LU, de Almeida JS, Ramos JGL. Single-dose antibiotic therapy for urinary infections during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022;159(1):56-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995367
Singh N, Gandhi S, McArthur E, Moist L, Jain AK, Liu AR, et al. Kidney function and the use of nitrofurantoin to treat urinary tract infections in older women. CMAJ 2015;187(9):648-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25918178
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG). Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Individuals. Obstet Gynecol 2023;142(2):435-45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37473414
The Royal Women's Hospital. Gentamicin. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Medicines Guide. 2023 ed. Victoria, Australia: The Royal Women's Hospital; 2023. https://thewomenspbmg.org.au/medicines/gentamicin
Wang T, Wu G, Wang J, Cui Y, Ma J, Zhu Z, et al. Comparison of single-dose fosfomycin tromethamine and other antibiotics for lower uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women and asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;56(1):106018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32417205
Widmer M, Lopez I, Gulmezoglu AM, Mignini L, Roganti A. Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(11):CD000491. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26560337/
Yang J, Xie RH, Krewski D, Wang YJ, Walker M, Wen SW. Exposure to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole but not other FDA category C and D anti-infectives is associated with increased risks of preterm birth and low birth weight. Int J Infect Dis 2011;15(5):e336-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21345707
