Recognising developmental delay and disability
Some children are identified at birth, or even before, as being at high risk of developmental problems (eg children with Down syndrome). In most cases, the developmental delay or disability becomes evident during the first few years of life; see Presentation of developmental delay and disability.
Parents or carers may initially seek advice from their general practitioner (GP)—responding to their concerns is important. The GP can help by ensuring a holistic, coordinated and person-centred review process, and making appropriate assessment referrals. In all cases of significant developmental problems, including developmental delay, children need timely diagnosis by a specialist or multidisciplinary team, and early intervention. Parents need reassurance that action is being taken, and information on what they can do to help their child and what to expect at follow-up visits1. See also Discussing a developmental disability diagnosis.
Some people present for assessment in adolescence or adulthood. This may be prompted by changes in health or behaviour, support arrangements or social circumstances (eg need for assistance). Individuals may have learning or other difficulties that were previously attributed to external factors (eg missing school). When an individual presents with significant learning or behavioural problems, a diagnosis of developmental disability should be considered.
A comprehensive assessment will ascertain healthcare and support needs and enable access to services; see Assessment of developmental delay and disability.