Preventive health and screening for people with developmental disability who are ageing

People with developmental disability who are ageing have the same health problems as the general population, but some problems occur more frequently, and may present at an earlier age; see Common health problems in people with developmental disability who are ageing. Certain developmental disability syndromes and disorders (eg Down syndrome) are associated with specific health problems, and additional screening or anticipatory guidance is important to ensure they are not overlooked. See Syndromes and disorders associated with developmental disability for links to information about specific developmental disability syndromes and disorders. Those who have communication or cognitive difficulties are at greater risk of their health problems not being detected.

Evidence supports the use of annual comprehensive health assessments to systematically address health promotion and disease prevention. People with intellectual disability qualify for an annual comprehensive health assessment under Medicare.

Preventive health as for the general ageing population applies in people with developmental disability who are ageing, but requires a proactive approach by the general practitioner (GP) or practice nurse:

  • Ensure the person and their carers or support workers receive information about preventive health activities in a format they can understand.
  • Ask about oral and dental problems and ensure the person has 6-monthly dental checks.
  • Cancer and other health screening should follow national guidelines; see the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice for preventive activities in older age. For strategies to support people who find examinations difficult, see Physical examination and investigations.
  • Immunise according to the Australian Immunisation Handbook
    • annual influenza vaccination as recommended
    • pneumococcal vaccination is indicated for people with Down syndrome, obesity or chronic disease
    • hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for people with developmental disability and their carers
    • hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for those living in residential facilities or who attend daycare facilities
    • consider herpes zoster vaccination.
  • Exercise that mimics activities of daily living (eg repetitive sit-to-stand, walking) may be helpful for people with developmental disability who are ageing. A physiotherapist can develop a physical activity plan suited to their abilities and interests. Support workers and carers should facilitate activity programs. These should be part of the person’s daily routine and documented in their care plan.