Screening for and monitoring of chronic complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Clinically significant microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy and kidney disease) and macrovascular complications (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) of type 1 diabetes are relatively uncommon in children and adolescents. Rarely, growth and adolescent development can be impaired if glycaemic targets are not achieved in childhood.
Children with type 1 diabetes may have other autoimmune conditions, including thyroid dysfunction (prevalence about 3 to 8%) and coeliac disease (prevalence about 0.6 to 16.4%). Recommended frequency of screening for and monitoring of chronic complications and conditions associated with type 1 diabetes are listed in Recommended frequency of screening for and monitoring of chronic complications and conditions associated with type 1 diabetes. Macrovascular complications (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) are extremely rare in childhood and routine screening is not undertaken.