Key references: Distal oesophageal spasm

Eyre RM. Oesophageal bolus impaction: role of glucagon, glyceryl trinitrate and carbonated drink. ANZ J Surg 2011;81(4):301. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21418484
Gorti H, Samo S, Shahnavaz N, Qayed E. Distal esophageal spasm: Update on diagnosis and management in the era of high-resolution manometry. World J Clin Cases 2020;8(6):1026-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258073
Khalaf M, Chowdhary S, Elias PS, Castell D. Distal Esophageal Spasm: A Review. Am J Med 2018;131(9):1034-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29605413
Snyder DL, Vela MF. Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2020;36(4):344-50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427604