Key references: Functional anorectal pain in adults
Carrington EV, Popa SL, Chiarioni G. Proctalgia syndromes: update in diagnosis and management. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2020;22(7):35. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32519087
Chiarioni G, Nardo A, Vantini I, Romito A, Whitehead WE. Biofeedback is superior to electrogalvanic stimulation and massage for treatment of levator ani syndrome. Gastroenterology 2010;138(4):1321-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044997
Rao SS, Bharucha AE, Chiarioni G, Felt-Bersma R, Knowles C, Malcolm A, et al. Functional anorectal disorders. Gastroenterology 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27144630
Rao SS, Paulson J, Mata M, Zimmerman B. Clinical trial: effects of botulinum toxin on Levator ani syndrome--a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29(9):985-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19222415
