Other topical antiseptics

Cetylpyridinium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound with surfactant, detergent and antibacterial properties; intraoral formulations include mouthwash, gargle and lozenges. Some formulations combine cetylpyridinium chloride with a local anaesthetic or an anti-inflammatory.

Povidone-iodine has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties; intraoral formulations include mouthwash and gargle. Povidone-iodine can cause irritation of skin and mucous membranes. It is absorbed through damaged skin so application over a large area of broken skin is not recommended. Povidone-iodine should not be used during pregnancy or lactation because it can cause hypothyroidism in the neonate.

Mouthwashes containing essential oils (eg eucalyptol, menthol, thymol, methyl salicylate) have been found to have antiseptic properties and reduce plaque formation, but there is limited independent evidence of benefit.

Triclosan is not recommended.