Gingivitis

Gingivitis (inflammation of the gingivae) is the most mild and common form of periodontal disease. Record the periodontal status of all patients because approximately 50% of the population have periodontal disease.

Gingivitis is associated with the accumulation of dental plaque (a complex biofilm of mixed bacteria and their by-products) and calculus at the gingival margins. Bacterial by-products diffuse into the adjacent gingival tissue causing a nonspecific inflammatory response.

Inflammation of the gingival tissues results in red and swollen gums that bleed easily. Gingivitis is not painful and does not destroy the periodontal ligament or alveolar bone. However, if it is not managed appropriately, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. Anatomical location of localised odontogenic infections and associated conditions shows the location of gingivitis around the teeth.

With appropriate management, gingivitis is reversible; resolution of inflammation can be expected within 1 month. Strategies include:

  • removing plaque and calculus with thorough debridement
  • smoothing any irregularities on the teeth (eg rough edges of fillings) that allow plaque to accumulate
  • improving oral hygiene through patient education.

Antibiotic therapy is not required for gingivitis.

Note: Antibiotic therapy is not required for gingivitis.

If pain and inflammation associated with gingivitis restrict oral hygiene practices, consider short-term use of a mouthwash to reduce plaque formation; use:

1 chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash 10 mL rinsed in the mouth for 1 minute then spat out, 8- to 12-hourly for 5 to 10 days1 gingivitis chlorhexidine    

OR

1 chlorhexidine 0.12% mouthwash 15 mL rinsed in the mouth for 1 minute then spat out, 8- to 12-hourly for 5 to 10 days1. chlorhexidine    

1 When used for more than a few days, chlorhexidine may cause a superficial discolouration of the teeth and fillings (see Chlorhexidine for more information).Return