Key references: Managing acute pain in opioid-tolerant patients

  • Hayhurst CJ, Durieux ME. Differential opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia: a clinical reality. Anesthesiology 2016;124(2):483–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26594912
  • Huxtable CA, Roberts LJ, Somogyi AA, MacIntyre PE. Acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients: a growing challenge. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011;39(5):804–23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21970125
  • Macintyre PE, Russell RA, Usher KA, Gaughwin M, Huxtable CA. Pain relief and opioid requirements in the first 24 hours after surgery in patients taking buprenorphine and methadone opioid substitution therapy. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013;41(2):222–30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23530789
  • Schug SA, Palmer GM, Scott DA, Halliwell R, Trinca J, APM:SE Working Group of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine, editors. Acute pain management: scientific evidence. 4th ed. Melbourne: Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine; 2015. http://fpm.anzca.edu.au/safety-advocacy/advocacy/college-publications