References: Respiratory tract secretions in the last days of life

  • Lokker ME, van Zuylen L, van der Rijt CC, van der Heide A. Prevalence, impact, and treatment of death rattle: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014;47(1):105-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790419
  • van Esch HJ, van Zuylen L, Geijteman ECT, Oomen-de Hoop E, Huisman BAA, Noordzij-Nooteboom HS, et al. Effect of Prophylactic Subcutaneous Scopolamine Butylbromide on Death Rattle in Patients at the End of Life: The SILENCE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2021;326(13):1268-76. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34609452
  • Wildiers H, Dhaenekint C, Demeulenaere P, Clement PM, Desmet M, Van Nuffelen R, et al. Atropine, hyoscine butylbromide, or scopolamine are equally effective for the treatment of death rattle in terminal care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;38(1):124-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19361952