Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is the least common eating disorder in adults, with a general population point prevalence of approximately 0.5%. It is more common in children, accounting for up to one in five presentations.

ARFID is characterised by a pattern of food avoidance or restriction that is not associated with excess concern about body image and results in at least one of the following:

  • significant weight loss in adults
  • failure to meet developmental height and weight targets in children or adolescents
  • significant nutrient deficiency
  • dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutrition supplements
  • marked interference with psychosocial functioning.

There is little evidence to support the use of specific psychological therapies for ARFID; however, behavioural refeeding, graded food exposure and cognitive therapies may provide some benefit. Specific training and protocols are required for psychological therapies for eating disorders; only a healthcare professional with appropriate expertise in the management of eating disorders (usually a psychologist, social worker, psychiatrist or occupational therapist) can deliver psychological therapy.

There is no evidence to support the use of pharmacological treatment for ARFID.

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