Introduction to bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognised as an important cause of chronic cough and recurrent chest infections.

Bronchiectasis is a disease characterised morphologically by the abnormal dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles, and clinically by recurrent bronchial infection, and chronic cough (often with sputum). The pathogenesis of bronchiectasis is related to chronic airway infection and inflammation resulting in airway damage. Bronchiectasis may be localised to one lobe or segment, or generalised in both lungs.

Bronchial dilatation in bronchiectasis was traditionally thought to be permanent; however, there is emerging evidence, particularly in children, that dilatation is potentially reversible with early diagnosis and intervention.

Bronchiectasis is classified under chronic suppurative lung disease. Cystic fibrosis is an important cause of bronchiectasis. Information covered in this topic relates to bronchiectasis not associated with cystic fibrosis.

There is increasing recognition of bronchiectasis not associated with cystic fibrosis occurring in children. Prompt referral to a paediatric specialist for diagnosis and management is recommended in children with suspected bronchiectasis.

The Lung Foundation Australia website publishes fact sheets on bronchiectasis for patients and health professionals.