Key references: Obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Causes of obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Dyken ME, Lin-Dyken DC, Poulton S, Zimmerman MB, Sedars E. Prospective polysomnographic analysis of obstructive sleep apnea in down syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157(7):655–60. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12860786
Marcus CL, Brooks LJ, Draper KA, Gozal D, Halbower AC, Jones J, et al. Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics 2012;130(3):576–84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22926173
Maris M, Verhulst S, Wojciechowski M, Van de Heyning P, Boudewyns A. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in children with down syndrome. Sleep 2016;39(3):699–704. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612391
Nixon GM, Kermack AS, Davis GM, Manoukian JJ, Brown KA, Brouillette RT. Planning adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: the role of overnight oximetry. Pediatrics 2004;113(1 Pt 1):e19–25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14702490
Shott SR, Amin R, Chini B, Heubi C, Hotze S, Akers R. Obstructive sleep apnea: should all children with Down syndrome be tested? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;132(4):432–6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16618913
Simpson R, Oyekan AA, Ehsan Z, Ingram DG. Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Down syndrome: current perspectives. Nat Sci Sleep 2018;10:287–93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30254502
Trois MS, Capone GT, Lutz JA, Melendres MC, Schwartz AR, Collop NA, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in adults with Down syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2009;5(4):317–23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968008
Clinical assessment of obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Piteo AM, Lushington K, Roberts RM, van den Heuvel CJ, Nettelbeck T, Kohler MJ, et al. Prevalence of snoring and associated factors in infancy. Sleep Med 2011;12(8):787–92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21865083
Raynes-Greenow CH, Hadfield RM, Cistulli PA, Bowen J, Allen H, Roberts CL. Sleep apnea in early childhood associated with preterm birth but not small for gestational age: a population-based record linkage study. Sleep 2012;35(11):1475–80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23115396
Soh HJ, Rowe K, Davey MJ, Horne RSC, Nixon GM. The OSA-5: Development and validation of a brief questionnaire screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018;113:62–6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30174012
Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Bluher AE, Brawley CC, Cunningham TD, Baldassari CM. Impact of montelukast and fluticasone on quality of life in mild pediatric sleep apnea. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019;125:66–70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31260810
Brouillette RT, Manoukian JJ, Ducharme FM, Oudjhane K, Earle LG, Ladan S, et al. Efficacy of fluticasone nasal spray for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. J Pediatr 2001;138(6):838–44. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11391326
Chan CC, Au CT, Lam HS, Lee DL, Wing YK, Li AM. Intranasal corticosteroids for mild childhood obstructive sleep apnea--a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Sleep Med 2015;16(3):358–63. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25650159
Kheirandish-Gozal L, Bandla HP, Gozal D. Montelukast for children with obstructive sleep apnea: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016;13(10):1736–41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27439031
Liming BJ, Ryan M, Mack D, Ahmad I, Camacho M. Montelukast and nasal corticosteroids to treat pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019;160(4):594–602. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30513051
Marcus CL, Brooks LJ, Draper KA, Gozal D, Halbower AC, Jones J, et al. Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics 2012;130(3):576–84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22926173
Mitchell RB. Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children: outcome evaluated by pre- and postoperative polysomnography. Laryngoscope 2007;117(10):1844–54. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17721406
Sanchez T, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Brockmann PE. Sleep-disordered breathing in children with asthma: a systematic review on the impact of treatment. J Asthma Allergy 2016;9:83–91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27143940
Tan HL, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D. Obstructive sleep apnea in children: update on the recognition, treatment and management of persistent disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016;10(4):431–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26949836
Venekamp RP, Hearne BJ, Chandrasekharan D, Blackshaw H, Lim J, Schilder AG. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical management for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(10):CD011165. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26465274