Management strategies with uncertain benefit and potential harm for patellofemoral pain syndrome
Joint mobilisation (in isolation) and electrophysical agents, such as ultrasound are not recommended. Evidence is mixed for the use of different types of knee orthoses (eg knee brace, sleeve and strap) and no recommendations can be made.
Joint injections, including intra-articular corticosteroid injections and newer therapies such as platelet-rich plasma injections are not recommended.