Removal of ingested lead object

McCloskey, 2014Fergusson, 1997Biehusen, 1956

If an X-ray confirms the presence of a lead object in the gastrointestinal tract, treatment depends on its location and the duration since ingestion, as outlined below.

If the patient develops symptoms at any time, refer the patient for endoscopic or surgical removal, and consider the advice as for lead poisoning, including measuring the whole blood lead concentration and considering chelation therapyFergusson, 1997.