Risk factors for chronic lithium accumulation
Risk factors for chronic lithium accumulation and subsequent toxicity include:
- impaired kidney function
- dehydration
- age more than 50 years
- previous lithium toxicity
- drug interactions (eg angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, loop and thiazide diuretics)
- lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- intercurrent illness
- thyroid dysfunction.