Key references: Paracetamol poisoning: unintentional (including supratherapeutic doses)

  • Buckley NA, Whyte IM, O’Connell DL, Dawson AH. Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine: which is the treatment of choice for acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning? J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37(6):759–67. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10584588
  • Daly FF, Fountain JS, Murray L, Graudins A, Buckley NA, Panel of A, et al. Guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand--explanation and elaboration. A consensus statement from clinical toxicologists consulting to the Australasian poisons information centres. Med J Aust 2008;188(5):296–301. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18312195
  • Chiew AL, Reith D, Pomerleau A, Wong A, Isoardi KZ, Soderstrom J, et al. Updated guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand. Med J Aust 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31786822
  • Craig DG, Bates CM, Davidson JS, Martin KG, Hayes PC, Simpson KJ. Staggered overdose pattern and delay to hospital presentation are associated with adverse outcomes following paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012;73(2):285–94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22106945
  • Daly FF, O’Malley GF, Heard K, Bogdan GM, Dart RC. Prospective evaluation of repeated supratherapeutic acetaminophen (paracetamol) ingestion. Ann Emerg Med 2004;44(4):393–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459622
  • Duncan R, Cantlay G, Paterson B. New recommendation for N-acetylcystiene dosing may reduce incidence of adverse effects. Emerg Med J 2006;23(7):584. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794118
  • Lubel JS, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Accidental paracetamol poisoning. Med J Aust 2007;186(7):371–2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17407437
  • Prescott LF, Illingworth RN, Critchley JA, Stewart MJ, Adam RD, Proudfoot AT. Intravenous N-acetylcystine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J 1979;2(6198):1097–100. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/519312
  • Reuben A, Tillman H, Fontana RJ, Davern T, McGuire B, Stravitz RT, et al. Outcomes in adults with acute liver failure between 1998 and 2013: An observational cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2016;164(11):724–32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27043883
  • Rumack BH. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: the first 35 years. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002;40(1):3–20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990202
  • Wong A, Gunja N, McNulty R, Graudins A. Analysis of an 8-hour acetylcysteine infusion protocol for repeated supratherapeutic ingestion (RSTI) of paracetamol. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018;56(3):199–203. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812380
  • Wong IC, Ghaleb MA, Franklin BD, Barber N. Incidence and nature of dosing errors in paediatric medications: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2004;27(9):661–70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15230647