Introduction to compression therapy

This topic provides information on compression therapy for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Although compression is used for other indications (eg lymphoedema), target compression levels differ to those used for venous leg ulcers. Patients with a venous leg ulcer should be referred for correction of venous hypertension; see Venous leg ulcers.

Compression therapy is used as adjunctive therapy for venous leg ulcers to aid ulcer healing. It may also assist in prevention. Compression therapy results in:

reduced blood pressure in the superficial venous system
improved venous return by increasing flow velocity in the deep veins
reduced oedema from decreased venous hypertension
enhanced lymphatic function.

Sustained graduated compression is the most effective way to achieve therapeutic results. The optimal compression is higher at the ankle, gradually reducing towards the knee. The amount of pressure delivered depends on the design of the compression system and the size and shape of the patient’s limb. Efficacy of compression therapy is enhanced by walking (ie using the calf muscle pump).

Compression therapy must only be prescribed by an appropriately trained healthcare professional. Examples of compression therapy include compression bandages, compression stockings, wrap systems and biomechanical devices.

Note: Compression therapy must be prescribed by an appropriately trained healthcare professional.

Standards of compression vary internationally. For simplicity, classes of compression are defined in this guideline as shown in Definition of compression classes used in this guideline.