Key references: Wounds on a high-risk foot

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  • Baraz S, Zarea K, Shahbazian HB, Latifi SM. Comparison of the accuracy of monofilament testing at various points of feet in peripheral diabetic neuropathy screening. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014;13(1):19. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24472435
  • Brownrigg JR, Hinchliffe RJ, Apelqvist J, Boyko EJ, Fitridge R, Mills JL, et al. Effectiveness of bedside investigations to diagnose peripheral artery disease among people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016;32 Suppl 1:119–27. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26342170
  • Commonwealth of Australia. National evidence-based guideline on prevention, identification and management of foot complications in diabetes (part of the guidelines on management of type 2 diabetes). Melbourne, Australia; 2011.
  • Firth J, Hale C, Helliwell P, Hill J, Nelson EA. The prevalence of foot ulceration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59(2):200–5. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240257
  • Frykberg RG. Epidemiology of the diabetic foot: ulcerations and amputations. Adv Wound Care 1999;12(3):139–41. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10655794
  • Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, et al. AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2016 2017 135; (12):e726–e79. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27840333
  • Hennion DR, Siano KA. Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Am Fam Physician 2013;88(5):306–10. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24010393
  • Kerr M, Rayman G, Jeffcoate WJ. Cost of diabetic foot disease to the National Health Service in England. Diabet Med 2014;31(12):1498–504. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24984759
  • Kinlay S. Management of critical limb ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9(2):e001946. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858079
  • Lam K, van Asten SA, Nguyen T, La Fontaine J, Lavery LA. Diagnostic accuracy of probe to bone to detect osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot: A systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63(7):944–8. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27369321
  • Lewis J, Lipp A. Pressure-relieving interventions for treating diabetic foot ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(1):CD002302. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440787
  • Lipsky BA, Aragon-Sanchez J, Diggle M, Embil J, Kono S, Lavery L, et al. IWGDF guidance on the diagnosis and management of foot infections in persons with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016;32 Suppl 1:45–74. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386266
  • Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, Pile JC, Peters EJ, Armstrong DG, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis 2012 2012 54; (12):e132–73. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22619242
  • McNeely MJ, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Stensel VL, Reiber GE, Smith DG, et al. The independent contributions of diabetic neuropathy and vasculopathy in foot ulceration. How great are the risks? Diabetes Care 1995;18(2):216–9. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7729300
  • Menke NB, Ward KR, Witten TM, Bonchev DG, Diegelmann RF. Impaired wound healing. Clin Dermatol 2007;25(1):19–25. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276197
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management [NG19]. London: 2015. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng19
  • Nube V, Bolton T, Chua E, Yue D. Osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot: what lies beneath. Primary Intention 2007;15(2):49–50.
  • Ouriel K. Peripheral arterial disease. Lancet 2001;358(9289):1257–64. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11675083
  • Payne CB. Diabetes-related lower-limb amputations in Australia. Med J Aust 2000;173(7):352–4. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11062789
  • Pomposelli FB Jr., Jepsen SJ, Gibbons GW, Campbell DR, Freeman DV, Miller A, et al. Efficacy of the dorsal pedal bypass for limb salvage in diabetic patients: short-term observations. J Vasc Surg 1990;11(6):745–51; discussion 51–2. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2359188
  • Prompers L, Huijberts M, Apelqvist J, Jude E, Piaggesi A, Bakker K, et al. High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study. Diabetologia 2007;50(1):18–25. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17093942
  • Rayman G, Vas PR, Baker N, Taylor CG Jr., Gooday C, Alder AI, et al. The Ipswich Touch Test: a simple and novel method to identify inpatients with diabetes at risk of foot ulceration. Diabetes Care 2011;34(7):1517–8. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21593300
  • Rome K, Erikson K, Otene C, Sahid H, Sangster K, Gow P. Clinical characteristics of foot ulceration in people with chronic gout. Int Wound J 2016;13(2):209–15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674139
  • Saap LJ, Falanga V. Debridement performance index and its correlation with complete closure of diabetic foot ulcers. Wound Repair Regen 2002;10(6):354–9. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12453138
  • Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Lipsky BA, Bakker K, International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: a summary guidance for daily practice 2015, based on the IWGDF guidance documents. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016;32 Suppl 1:7–15. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26335366
  • Sonter JA, Ho A, Chuter VH. The predictive capacity of toe blood pressure and the toe brachial index for foot wound healing and amputation: A systematic review and meta-analysis [online]. Wound PracRes 2014;22(4):208–20.
  • Tehan PE, Barwick AL, Sebastian M, Chuter VH. Diagnostic accuracy of resting systolic toe pressure for diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in people with and without diabetes: a cross-sectional retrospective case-control study. J Foot Ankle Res 2017;10:58. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29270232
  • Tehan PE, Bray A, Chuter VH. Non-invasive vascular assessment in the foot with diabetes: sensitivity and specificity of the ankle brachial index, toe brachial index and continuous wave Doppler for detecting peripheral arterial disease. J Diabetes Complications 2016;30(1):155–60. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26281971
  • van Netten JJ, Price PE, Lavery LA, Monteiro-Soares M, Rasmussen A, Jubiz Y, et al. Prevention of foot ulcers in the at-risk patient with diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016;32 Suppl 1:84–98. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26340966
  • Williams DT, Harding KG, Price P. An evaluation of the efficacy of methods used in screening for lower-limb arterial disease in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28(9):2206–10. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123491
  • Young MJ, Breddy JL, Veves A, Boulton AJ. The prediction of diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration using vibration perception thresholds. A prospective study. Diabetes Care 1994;17(6):557–60. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8082524