Penicillin hypersensitivity regimens for superficial incisional infection following cardiac implantable electronic device insertion

Empirical regimens for superficial incisional infection following cardiac implantable electronic device insertion are included below for patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins.

Before starting empirical therapy, obtain blood and wound cultures. For advice on obtaining good quality blood samples for culture, see Principles of obtaining blood for culture.

For patients who have had a hypersensitivity reaction to a penicillin who are at increased risk of MRSA infection, use trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole or clindamycin.

For adults and children who have had a nonsevere (immediate or delayed) hypersensitivity reaction to a penicillin1, use:

1cefalexin 500 mg (child: 12.5 mg/kg up to 500 mg) orally, 6-hourly for 7 to 10 days. For dosage adjustment in adults with kidney impairment, see cefalexin dosage adjustment cefalexin cefalexin cefalexin

OR (if adherence to a 6-hourly regimen is unlikely in a child)

1cefalexin (child) 20 mg/kg up to 750 mg, orally 8-hourly for 7 to 10 days2. cefalexin cefalexin cefalexin

For adults and children who have had a severe (immediate or delayed)3 hypersensitivity reaction to a penicillin, use trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole or clindamycin.

Modify therapy based on the results of wound culture and susceptibility testing. If the results of culture are negative, complete 7 to 10 days of therapy using the empirical regimen.

1 Cefalexin may be used in patients who have had a nonsevere (immediate or delayed) reaction to amoxicillin or ampicillin. However, because cross-reactivity between these drugs is possible, consideration should be given to the extent of the reaction, patient acceptability, and the suitability of non–beta-lactam options.Return
2 Unpublished pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling data for cefalexin show similar levels of target attainment with the 6- and 8-hourly regimens above. It is the consensus view of the Antibiotic Expert Group that either regimen can be used for children.Return
3 Severe immediate hypersensitivity reactions include anaphylaxis, compromised airway, airway angioedema, hypotension and collapse. Severe delayed hypersensitivity reactions include cutaneous adverse drug reactions (eg drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms [DRESS], Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis [SJS/TEN], severe blistering or desquamative rash), and significant internal organ involvement (eg acute interstitial nephritis).Return