Trachoma

Trachoma is a form of chronic C. trachomatis conjunctivitis caused by repeated infections with C. trachomatis serotypes A, B, Ba or C. Without treatment, trachoma can lead to scarring of the eyelids, corneal ulceration, corneal scarring and loss of vision. Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable infectious blindness in the world, especially in developing countries, and is still common in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia.

Health outcomes are significantly impacted by geographical, historical, socioeconomic, spiritual, emotional and cultural determinants. In Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the incidence of infection and increased risk of poor health outcomes can be linked to complex socioeconomic factors, including poverty, reduced access to health services, incarceration, discrimination and intergenerational trauma. A shared strengths–based approach to healthcare that recognises each patient's unique cultural determinants and circumstances is essential.

Suspect trachoma in all cases of conjunctivitis in endemic areas. Treatment is with doxycycline or azithromycin – see Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis in neonates and children or Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis in adults for dosages.

In areas where trachoma is prevalent, regular face washing and treatment of household contacts is recommended, and community-wide treatment may be required. For further information on public health management of trachoma, see the Communicable Diseases Network Australia National guidelines for the public health management of trachoma.