Practical information on using neuraminidase inhibitors

Oseltamivir (oral), zanamivir (inhaled) and peramivir (intravenous) inhibit influenza virus A and B neuraminidase, an enzyme required for viral replication. In select patient groups they are used for:

• treatment of influenza for individual benefit (oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir)
• treatment of severe influenza (oseltamivir and peramivir)
• prevention of influenza (only oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir).

Neuropsychiatric adverse effects have been reported rarely in children and adolescents taking neuraminidase inhibitors.