Management of people with autism spectrum disorder

There is no cure for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but there is evidence to support use of interventions that can address some of the core features (eg social communication impairment, restricted interests and repetitive behaviours); see Treatment modalities in autism.

For general advice on the management of people with developmental disability at various life stages, see children, adolescents, adults or people who are ageing.

For a person with autism spectrum disorder, the general practitioner should:

  • assist in identifying and referring to appropriate specialists (eg paediatrician, neurologist, psychiatrist) and allied health professionals
  • provide support and evidence-based information for the person and their family, particularly around diagnosis and then later around transition points (eg starting school, leaving school, older age)—see life-stage transitions
  • be alert for the use of complementary therapies or other unproven interventions; encourage use of evidence-based treatment modalities
  • provide preventive health care.

For information on allied health interventions for people with autism spectrum disorder, see Allied health interventions for people with autism spectrum disorder. For general advice on referrals for the management of people with developmental disability, see Facilitating a multidisciplinary approach to care.

Figure 1. Allied health interventions for people with autism spectrum disorder

Allied health professionals involved in providing interventions for people with autism spectrum disorder require suitable training and experience; interventions may include [NB1][NB2]:

  • psychologist or behaviour support practitioner
    • applied behavioural analysis and other forms of early intervention
    • functional analysis of behaviour, positive behaviour support and cognitive behaviour therapy (for comorbid mental health problems)
  • speech pathologist—communication assessment and intervention, including speech and language, communication supports, social skills, swallowing, and mealtime management
  • occupational therapist
    • gross and fine motor skills and coordination therapy
    • sensory assessment and intervention for anxiety and mental health problems
  • social worker—assistance with linkage to supports, provide family therapy and other support as needed (including for siblings)
  • physiotherapist—gait and gross motor coordination interventions.
Note:

NB1: Overlap exists across disciplines for several interventions.

NB2: Funding for interventions may be available from the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for adults and children.