Scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis

Scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis may develop in young children with cerebral palsy, and often gets markedly worse in adolescence. It may lead to:

• increased respiratory problems (from deformity of the thoracic cage)
• decreased mobility
• increased pain
• pressure injuries, if a wheelchair does not fit correctly.

People with significant postural requirements need advice from a rehabilitation physician (who may refer to a neurosurgeon or orthopaedic spine specialist), physiotherapist and occupational therapist who specialise in this area. Careful attention to posture is required (including special seating aids) to optimise comfort and function, and minimise deterioration.

Surgery may be required to prevent further spinal curvature and its consequences. Management may include insertion of a spinal rod or spinal fusion. Surgery is most frequently performed in adolescence.