Introduction

Monitoring the glycaemic profile in type 1 diabetes involves consideration of both glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose concentration results monitored by the patient. For frequency of monitoring HbA1c, see Recommended frequency of screening for and monitoring of chronic complications and conditions associated with type 1 diabetes. Capillary (finger-prick) blood checking is commonly used by patients for self-monitoring of blood glucose concentration.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) or flash glucose monitoring systems monitor glucose in interstitial fluid (see Interstitial fluid glucose monitoring systems). Any abnormal or unexpected results (eg symptoms do not accord with the glucose reading) should be checked against a capillary (finger-prick) blood glucose concentration.

Ketone monitoring in type 1 diabetes is important to identify acute complications early and allow timely intervention.