Key references: Nitrous oxide

  • Babl FE, Oakley E, Seaman C, Barnett P, Sharwood LN. High-concentration nitrous oxide for procedural sedation in children: adverse events and depth of sedation. Pediatrics 2008;121(3):e528–32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18310173
  • Ducasse JL, Siksik G, Durand-Bechu M, Couarraze S, Valle B, Lecoules N, et al. Nitrous oxide for early analgesia in the emergency setting: a randomized, double-blind multicenter prehospital trial. Acad Emerg Med 2013;20(2):178–84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23406077
  • Faculty of Pain Medicine, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA). Guidelines on sedation and/or analgesia for diagnostic and interventional medical, dental or surgical procedures [PS09]. Melbourne: ANZCA; 2014. https://www.anzca.edu.au/safety-advocacy/standards-of-practice/policies,-statements,-and-guidelines
  • Hoeffe J, Doyon Trottier E, Bailey B, Shellshear D, Lagace M, Sutter C, et al. Intranasal fentanyl and inhaled nitrous oxide for fracture reduction: the FAN observational study. Am J Emerg Med 2017;35(5):710–5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28190665
  • Klomp T, van Poppel M, Jones L, Lazet J, Di Nisio M, Lagro-Janssen AL. Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;(9):CD009351. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972140
  • Likis FE, Andrews JC, Collins MR, Lewis RM, Seroogy JJ, Starr SA, et al. Nitrous oxide for the management of labor pain: a systematic review. Anesth Analg 2014;118(1):153–67. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24356165
  • Moisset X, Sia MA, Pereira B, Taithe F, Dumont E, Bernard L, et al. Fixed 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen to reduce lumbar-puncture-induced pain: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Neurol 2017;24(1):46–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27666149
  • The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network (SCHN) Policy, Practice and Guideline Committee. Pain management – The Children’s Hospital at Westmead: practice guideline [2006-8215 v15]. Sydney: SCHN; 2019. https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/policies