Key references: Adverse effects with long-term use of opioids
Bedson J, Chen Y, Ashworth J, Hayward RA, Dunn KM, Jordan KP. Risk of adverse events in patients prescribed long-term opioids: A cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Eur J Pain 2019;23(5):908–22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30620116
Bell KL, Shohat N, Goswami K, Tan TL, Kalbian I, Parvizi J. Preoperative opioids increase the risk of periprosthetic joint infection after total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2018;33(10):3246 e1– . 51 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30054211
Ben-Ari A, Chansky H, Rozet I. Preoperative opioid use is associated with early revision after total knee arthroplasty: a study of male patients treated in the veterans affairs system. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017;99(1):1–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28060227
Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, Hansen RN, Sullivan SD, Blazina I, et al. The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop. Ann Intern Med 2015;162(4):276–86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25581257
Cron DC, Englesbe MJ, Bolton CJ, Joseph MT, Carrier KL, Moser SE, et al. Preoperative opioid use is independently associated with increased costs and worse outcomes after major abdominal surgery. Ann Surg 2017;265(4):695–701. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27429021
Els C, Jackson TD, Hagtvedt R, Kunyk D, Sonnenberg B, Lappi VG, et al. High-dose opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;10:CD012299. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084358
Fountas A, Chai ST, Kourkouti C, Karavitaki N. Mechanisms of endocrinology: endocrinology of opioids. Eur J Endocrinol 2018;179(4):R183–R96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30299887
Jain N, Phillips FM, Weaver T, Khan SN. Preoperative chronic opioid therapy: A risk factor for complications, readmission, continued opioid use and increased costs after one- and two-level posterior lumbar fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43(19):1331–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29561298
Menendez ME, Ring D, Bateman BT. Preoperative opioid misuse is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after elective orthopaedic surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015;473(7):2402–12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25694266
Rozell JC, Courtney PM, Dattilo JR, Wu CH, Lee GC. Preoperative opiate use independently predicts narcotic consumption and complications after total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2017;32(9):2658–62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28478186
Teng Z, Zhu Y, Wu F, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, et al. Opioids contribute to fracture risk: a meta-analysis of 8 cohort studies. PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0128232. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030421
Waljee JF, Cron DC, Steiger RM, Zhong L, Englesbe MJ, Brummett CM. Effect of preoperative opioid exposure on healthcare utilization and expenditures following elective abdominal surgery. Ann Surg 2017;265(4):715–21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28151795
Weick J, Bawa H, Dirschl DR, Luu HH. Preoperative opioid use is associated with higher readmission and revision rates in total knee and total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018;100(14):1171–6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30020122
Wiese AD, Griffin MR, Schaffner W, Stein CM, Greevy RA, Mitchel EF, et al. Opioid analgesic use and risk for invasive pneumococcal diseases: a nested case-control study. Ann Intern Med 2018;168(6):396–404. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29435555
