Overview of trigger finger

Currie, 2022Shen, 2020Brozovich, 2019

Figure 1. Key practice points for trigger finger. [NB1]
  • Most cases of trigger finger are idiopathic.
  • It may be associated with clicking, catching or locking of the affected finger.
  • Management may include passive unlocking of a locked finger, local corticosteroid injection, or occasionally surgery.
Note: NB1: This list is a summary guide only; refer to full text.

Trigger finger (also known as stenosing tenosynovitis) is most common in females between 50 and 60 years of age. The ring finger and thumb of the right hand are most often affectedBrozovich, 2019. The prevalence of trigger finger is approximately 2 to 3% in the general population and 10 to 20% in people with type 1 diabetesCurrie, 2022Brozovich, 2019. People with diabetes often have multiple digits affectedBrozovich, 2019. Trigger finger is also common in people with rheumatoid arthritis, gout hypo- and hyperthyroidism, and amyloidosisFiorini, 2018.

Key practice points for trigger finger lists some key practice points for trigger finger.

Trigger finger occurs when smooth digital flexion and extension are prevented by a thickened or nodular tendon unable to glide in a narrowed flexor-tendon sheath. Connective-tissue changes in the tendon sheath at the first annular ligament (A1) pulley cause mechanical impingement and entrapment of the tendon when the digit is flexed, preventing it from extending.