Overview of barrier methods of contraception

Barrier methods of contraception physically prevent sperm entering the uterus. They include the male (external) and female (internal) condom and the diaphragm. For a comparison of barrier methods, see Comparison of barrier methods of contraception.

Table 1. Comparison of barrier methods of contraception
Characteristic	Male (external) condom	Female (internal) condom	Diaphragm
effectiveness with typical use	87%	79%	82%
efficacy with perfect use	98%	95%	86%
contraindications	latex allergy (nonlatex forms available)	none	history of toxic shock syndrome
STI protection	yes	yes	no
compatibility with other contraceptive methods	all except the female condom	all except the male condom	all
cost	cheap	more expensive than male condoms	one-off cost of diaphragm, but ongoing associated cost of recommended gel
effect of drugs or lubricants	affected by some intravaginal medications and oil-based lubricants	none	none
other considerations	condoms containing local anaesthetic (eg lidocaine) can assist with premature ejaculation	can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse	can be inserted many hours before intercourse must remain in place 6 hours after intercourse
Note: STI = sexually transmitted infection

Barrier methods of contraception are generally more accessible than many other forms of contraception, as they do not require a prescription. Barrier methods have high failure rates with typical use, so are not recommended as the sole method of contraception if either partner is highly fertile, or if unintended pregnancy would pose medical or psychological harm.

Barrier methods of contraception are not included in the Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare’s UK Medical Eligibility Criteria (UKMEC).