Key references: Withdrawal method of contraception
- Family Planning Alliance Australia (FPAA). How effective is my contraceptive method? Brisbane, Queensland: FPAA; 2019. https://www.familyplanningallianceaustralia.org.au/larc/
- Killick SR, Leary C, Trussell J, Guthrie KA. Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2011;14(1):48–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21155689
- The Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH) Clinical Effectiveness Unit. FSRH Clinical guidance: Fertility awareness methods. London: FSRH; 2015. https://www.fsrh.org/standards-and-guidance/documents/ceuguidancefertilityawarenessmethods/