Oral continuation therapy for acute suppurative sialadenitis

When patients with acute suppurative sialadenitis are able to swallow, switch to oral therapy for a total of 10 days (intravenous + oral). If the results of culture and susceptibility testing are available, modify oral therapy accordingly. If results of susceptibility testing are not available, use the regimens for intravenous to oral switch below.

For adults and children with risk factors for MRSA infection for whom results of susceptibility testing are not available, use:

1trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole 160+800 mg (child 1 month or older: 4+20 mg/kg up to 160+800 mg) orally, 12-hourly. For dosage adjustment in adults with kidney impairment, see trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole dosage adjustment trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole

OR

2clindamycin 450 mg (child: 10 mg/kg up to 450 mg) orally, 8-hourly1. clindamycin clindamycin clindamycin

For adults and children without risk factors for MRSA infection for whom results of susceptibility testing are not available, use:

1dicloxacillin 500 mg (child: 12.5 mg/kg up to 500 mg) orally, 6-hourly. For dosage adjustment in adults with kidney impairment, see dicloxacillin dosage adjustment dicloxacillin dicloxacillin dicloxacillin

OR

1flucloxacillin 500 mg (child: 12.5 mg/kg up to 500 mg) orally, 6-hourly. For dosage adjustment in adults with kidney impairment, see flucloxacillin oral dosage adjustment. flucloxacillin flucloxacillin flucloxacillin

For adults without risk factors for MRSA infection who have had a hypersensitivity reaction to a penicillin and tolerated initial cefazolin therapy, cefalexin can be used2; however, cefalexin must not be used if the patient has had a severe (immediate or delayed)3 hypersensitivity reaction to amoxicillin or ampicillin. If cefalexin is appropriate, use:

cefalexin 500 mg orally, 6-hourly. For dosage adjustment in adults with kidney impairment, see cefalexin dosage adjustment. cefalexin cefalexin cefalexin

For children without risk factors for MRSA infection who have had a hypersensitivity reaction to a penicillin and tolerated initial cefazolin therapy, cefalexin can be used2; however, cefalexin must not be used if the child has had a severe (immediate or delayed)3 hypersensitivity reaction to amoxicillin or ampicillin. If cefalexin is appropriate, use:

1cefalexin 12.5 mg/kg up to 500 mg orally, 6-hourlycefalexin

OR (if adherence to a 6-hourly regimen is unlikely)

1cefalexin 20 mg/kg up to 750 mg, orally 8-hourly4.cefalexin

For adults and children who have had a severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction to amoxicillin or ampicillin or severe delayed5 hypersensitivity reaction to any penicillin, use trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole or clindamycin (as above).

1 An oral liquid formulation of clindamycin is not commercially available; for formulation options for children or people with swallowing difficulties, see Don’t Rush to Crush, which is available for purchase from the Advanced Pharmacy Australia website or through a subscription to eMIMSplus.Return
2 Cefalexin may be used in patients who have had a nonsevere (immediate or delayed) reaction to amoxicillin or ampicillin. However, because cross-reactivity between these drugs is possible, consideration should be given to the extent of the reaction, patient acceptability, and the suitability of non–beta-lactam options.Return
3 Severe immediate hypersensitivity reactions include anaphylaxis, compromised airway, airway angioedema, hypotension and collapse. Severe delayed hypersensitivity reactions include cutaneous adverse drug reactions (eg drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms [DRESS], Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis [SJS/TEN], severe blistering or desquamative rash), and significant internal organ involvement (eg acute interstitial nephritis).Return
4 Unpublished pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling data for cefalexin show similar levels of target attainment with the 6- and 8-hourly regimens above. It is the consensus view of the Antibiotic Expert Group that either regimen can be used for children.Return
5 Severe delayed hypersensitivity reactions include cutaneous adverse drug reactions (eg drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms [DRESS], Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis [SJS/TEN], severe blistering or desquamative rash), and significant internal organ involvement (eg acute interstitial nephritis).Return