General measures

All patients should have a written bronchiectasis action plan that outlines usual treatment, how to recognise worsening of symptoms, and how to adjust treatment in response to deterioration. Templates are available for download from the Lung Foundation Australia website.

Immunisation with pneumococcal vaccine and annual influenza vaccine is recommended. For details, see the Australian Immunisation Handbook .

Smoking cessation and cigarette smoke avoidance is recommended. For details on smoking cessation, see Smoking cessation.

Monitor and manage causes and comorbidities. Consider referral to psychological support services in patients with depression or anxiety.

Optimise nutrition; dietician referral may be needed for patients presenting with poor appetite, cachexia or nutritional deficiency.

Spirometry should be performed annually as part of routine monitoring of stable patients. It can be performed more often if clinically indicated (eg investigating suspected changes in airflow obstruction, increased cough, breathlessness or chest tightness).