Key references: Choice of combined oral contraceptive formulation
Contraception: an Australian clinical practice handbook. 4th ed. Ashfield, New South Wales: Family Planning New South Wales, Family Planning Victoria, and True Relationships and Reproductive Health; 2016.
Dinger J, Do Minh T, Heinemann K. Impact of estrogen type on cardiovascular safety of combined oral contraceptives. Contraception 2016;94(4):328-39. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27343748
Gallo MF, Nanda K, Grimes DA, Lopez LM, Schulz KF. 20 microg versus >20 microg estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(8):CD003989. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904209
Gemzell-Danielsson K, Apter D, Zatik J, Weyers S, Piltonen T, Suturina L, et al. Estetrol-Drospirenone combination oral contraceptive: a clinical study of contraceptive efficacy, bleeding pattern and safety in Europe and Russia. BJOG 2022;129(1):63-71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34245666
Gerard C, Arnal JF, Jost M, Douxfils J, Lenfant F, Fontaine C, et al. Profile of estetrol, a promising native estrogen for oral contraception and the relief of climacteric symptoms of menopause. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022;15(2):121-37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35306927
Klipping C, Duijkers I, Mawet M, Maillard C, Bastidas A, Jost M, et al. Endocrine and metabolic effects of an oral contraceptive containing estetrol and drospirenone. Contraception 2021;103(4):213-21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33428907
Macias G, Merki-Feld GS, Parke S, Mellinger U, Serrani M. Effects of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest on hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled HARMONY II study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2013;33(6):591–6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919857
Morimont L, Haguet H, Dogne JM, Gaspard U, Douxfils J. Combined Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism: Review and Perspective to Mitigate the Risk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:769187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34956081
Oddsson K, Leifels-Fischer B, Wiel-Masson D, de Melo NR, Benedetto C, Verhoeven CH, et al. Superior cycle control with a contraceptive vaginal ring compared with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg ethinylestradiol and 150 microg levonorgestrel: a randomized trial. Hum Reprod 2005;20(2):557–62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539438
Reed S, Koro C, DiBello J, Becker K, Bauerfeind A, Franke C, et al. Prospective controlled cohort study on the safety of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate (2.5mg) and 17beta-oestradiol (1.5mg) (PRO-E2 study): risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2021;26(6):439-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34644228
Weill A, Dalichampt M, Raguideau F, Ricordeau P, Blotiere PO, Rudant J, et al. Low dose oestrogen combined oral contraception and risk of pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction in five million French women: cohort study. BMJ 2016;353:i2002. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27164970
Wiegratz I, Lee JH, Kutschera E, Winkler UH, Kuhl H. Effect of four oral contraceptives on hemostatic parameters. Contraception 2004;70(2):97-106. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15288212
