Role of drug therapy and complementary therapies

There is no evidence to support the use of medication, exclusion diets or any other biological treatment for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ie social communication impairment, restricted interests, repetitive behaviour).

Although drug therapy does not address the underlying cause of autism spectrum disorder, it can be considered for challenging behaviour (eg agitation, aggression) or comorbid psychiatric disorders (see Psychiatric disorders in people with developmental disability). For general advice on the pharmacological management of anxiety, see the Psychotropic guidelines.

Nonpharmacological strategies (eg psychosocial interventions) are preferable where feasible.

There is no evidence to support the use of complementary therapies to manage autism spectrum disorder; despite this, many such interventions are advertised as cures. General practitioners may be consulted about complementary medicines for autism spectrum disorder—evidence-based interventions should be encouraged.

The Raising Children Network guide to autism therapies provides advice and clarifies misconceptions about a range of therapies (including complementary therapies).

Complementary therapies with little or no evidence for efficacy in autism spectrum disorder include crystal therapy, ear candles, spiritual intervention, aromatherapy, chelation therapy, juice plus diet, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, exorcism, stem-cell transplants, exposure therapy (including slapping), Rerum, DAN (defeat autism now) therapy, Miracle Mineral Supplement/MMS (ie bleach), turpentine and many more. Some of these are potentially lethal and can be very expensive.