Key references: Summary of stepwise maintenance management of asthma in adults and adolescents

Overview

  • National Asthma Council Australia. Australian Asthma Handbook, v2.1. Melbourne: National Asthma Council Australia; 2020. https://www.asthmahandbook.org.au/
  • Chung KF, Wenzel SE, Brozek JL, Bush A, Castro M, Sterk PJ, et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2014;43(2):343–73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337046
  • Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: main report. Wisconsin: GINA; 2019. www.ginasthma.org

Stepped adjustment of asthma therapy

Choice of reliever therapy

  • Hancox RJ, Cowan JO, Flannery EM, Herbison GP, McLachlan CR, Taylor DR. Bronchodilator tolerance and rebound bronchoconstriction during regular inhaled beta-agonist treatment. Respir Med 2000;94(8):767–71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10955752
  • O’Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, Barnes PJ, Zhong N, Keen C, et al. Inhaled Combined Budesonide-Formoterol as Needed in Mild Asthma. N Engl J Med 2018;378(20):1865–76. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29768149
  • Stanford RH, Shah MB, D’Souza AO, Dhamane AD, Schatz M. Short-acting beta-agonist use and its ability to predict future asthma-related outcomes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012;109(6):403–7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176877
  • Suissa S, Ernst P, Boivin JF, Horwitz RI, Habbick B, Cockroft D, et al. A cohort analysis of excess mortality in asthma and the use of inhaled beta-agonists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149(3 Pt 1):604–10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8118625