Overview of testosterone formulations

Testosterone replacement therapy for male androgen deficiency can be undertaken with transdermal, injectable or oral testosterone formulations. The choice of formulation is guided by effectiveness, patient preference, convenience and adverse effects.

Transdermal formulations of testosterone may be preferred over intramuscular formulations if the man wishes to avoid injections, has a bleeding disorder or is taking anticoagulants.

Testosterone injections may be more convenient than daily application of transdermal formulations.

Oral testosterone therapy is less effective than other formulations and is rarely used.