Testicular surveillance

The risk of testicular cancer as well as testicular cancer–related deaths has been found to be increased in men with severe intellectual impairment. This is likely due to lower rates of self- or assisted examination, and reluctance or inability to present to a doctor at an early stage of the disease.

Testicular examination is especially important in those with a previous history of cryptorchidism, (whether or not orchidopexy has been performed), and because males with developmental disability may not present if they feel a lump. Provide education to males and their carers or support people about the importance of regular self-examination and reporting.

Comprehensive health assessments for people with developmental disability recommend annual testicular surveillance. Testicular examination also provides the opportunity to:

• assess penile hygiene in uncircumcised men
• provide education to prevent phimosis and paraphimosis.