Overview of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

The core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Children with ADHD exhibit these symptoms with greater frequency and severity than other children at a comparable level of development. ADHD occurs in 5 to 7% of school-aged children. It is a chronic condition that can cause considerable disruption to the lives of children and their families or carers and has a major impact on educational outcomes. Accurate diagnosis and treatment with a comprehensive multimodal intervention using nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments, as appropriate, can make a significant difference to the child and their family.

Children with ADHD commonly have comorbid psychiatric disorders and higher rates of developmental disability than other children.

Management of ADHD is multifaceted and an individualised multimodal management plan should be developed. The management plan should be made in collaboration with the child, family or carers, and teachers; it should outline the treatment approach and developmental goals.